[2022-08-06] 华邮：危机升级，白宫召见中国驻美大使

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Ambassador Qin Gang was called to the White House after China launched ballistic missiles in response to a visit to Taiwan by House Speaker Nancy Pelosi
By Yasmeen Abutaleb, Michelle Ye Hee Lee and Ellen Nakashima
Updated August 5, 2022 at 3:20 p.m. EDT|Published August 5, 2022 at 5:00 a.m. EDT
在中国发射弹道导弹回应众议院议长南希佩洛西访问台湾后，秦刚大使被召至白宫
作者：Yasmeen Abutaleb、Michelle Ye Hee Lee 和 Ellen Nakashima
2022 年 8 月 5 日下午 3:20 更新美国东部时间|美国东部时间 2022 年 8 月 5 日上午 5:00 发布

The White House has summoned China’s ambassador to condemn its escalating actions against Taiwan, the latest step in an intensifying geopolitical crisis as Washington and Beijing exchange accusations following a trip by House Speaker Nancy Pelosi to Taiwan that infuriated Chinese leaders.
白宫已召见中国大使谴责其对台湾不断升级的行动，这是地缘政治危机加剧的最新举措，华盛顿和北京因为众议院议长南希佩洛西访问台湾激怒了中国领导人之后相互指责。

At the White House, officials told Ambassador Qin Gang that China’s recent military actions — including firing missiles into the waters around Taiwan — were “irresponsible and at odds with our long-standing goal of maintaining peace and stability across the Taiwan Strait,” National Security Council spokesman John Kirby said in a statement provided to The Washington Post.
在白宫，官员们告诉秦刚大使，中国最近的军事行动——包括向台湾周边海域发射导弹——是“不负责任的，与我们维护台海和平与稳定的长期目标背道而驰”。理事会发言人约翰柯比在提供给《华盛顿邮报》的一份声明中说。

Secretary of State Antony Blinken, speaking to reporters in Cambodia, delivered an equally sharp message to China. “There is no justification for this extreme, disproportionate, and escalatory military response,” he said, adding, “These provocative actions are a significant escalation. ... They’ve taken dangerous acts to a new level.”
国务卿布林肯在柬埔寨对记者发表讲话，向中国传递了同样尖锐的信息。他说：“这种极端、不相称和升级的军事反应是没有道理的，”他补充说，“这些挑衅行动是一次重大升级。 ......他们将危险行为提升到了一个新的水平。”

Like other U.S. officials, Blinken sought to balance a message that the United States does not seek confrontation with a signal that it will not back down to aggressive actions from China. “We will fly, sail, and operate wherever international law allows,” he said.
与其他美国官员一样，布林肯试图在美国不寻求对抗的信息与不会对中国的侵略行动退缩的信号之间取得平衡。 “我们将在国际法允许的任何地方飞行、航行和运营，”他说。

The fast-moving events have forced President Biden to manage potentially volatile confrontations between the United States and two other world powers. Even as tensions bubble between the United States and China over Pelosi’s trip, Biden is striving to keep Beijing from aiding Russia in its scorched-earth war against Ukraine.
快速发展的事件迫使拜登总统应对美国与其他两个世界大国之间潜在的动荡对抗。即使美国和中国之间因佩洛西之行而出现紧张局势，拜登仍在努力阻止北京帮助俄罗斯应对乌克兰的焦土战争。

On Friday, China said it is canceling or suspending dialogue with the United States on issues including climate change, military relations and anti-drug efforts. Beijing also announced unspecified sanctions on Pelosi and her immediate family in retaliation for what it called a “malicious and provocative” insistence on visiting Taiwan over Beijing’s strong opposition.
周五，中国表示将取消或暂停与美国在气候变化、军事关系和禁毒努力等问题上的对话。北京还宣布对佩洛西及其直系亲属实施未指明的制裁，以报复其所谓的“恶意和挑衅性”坚持访问台湾，而不是北京的强烈反对。

Since 2020, China has deployed sanctions against former U.S. officials with increasing frequency, often as retribution for criticism of human rights abuses, but Pelosi (D-Calif.) is one of the most senior sitting U.S. politicians to be personally censured by Beijing.
自 2020 年以来，中国越来越频繁地对美国前官员实施制裁，通常是为了报复对侵犯人权行为的批评，但佩洛西（加利福尼亚州民主党）是受到北京亲自谴责的最资深的美国政治家之一。

A senior Chinese Embassy official fired back Friday at the White House’s decision to summon its ambassador. “Ambassador Qin Gang totally rejected the so-called condemnation of Chinese military countermeasures,” Minister Jing Quan said in a statement read to reporters.
中国大使馆一名高级官员周五对白宫召集其大使的决定进行了回击。 “秦刚大使完全驳斥了所谓谴责中国军事反制措施的说法，”景权部长在向记者宣读的一份声明中说。

“We have pointed out that it is the U.S. side that is the troublemaker to peace and stability of the Taiwan Straits and the region,” Qin said. “The only way out of this crisis is that the U.S. side must take measures immediately to rectify its mistakes and eliminate the grave impact of Pelosi’s visit.”
“我们已经指出，美方是台海及地区和平稳定的麻烦制造者，”秦说。 “摆脱这场危机的唯一出路是，美方必须立即采取措施，纠正错误，消除佩洛西访华造成的严重影响。”

He added that “Taiwan is one of the very few issues that might take China and the United States into conflict — or even war.”
他补充说，“台湾是极少数可能使中美陷入冲突甚至战争的问题之一。”

Still, some veteran diplomats said that although China’s actions may seize the world’s attention, they are in many ways symbolic and limited.
不过，一些资深外交官表示，尽管中国的行动可能会引起世界的关注，但它们在许多方面都是象征性的和有限的。

Beijing appears “unwilling to do anything of substance to the United States” at this point, said Ivan Kanapathy, a former Asia expert on the National Security Council. China’s actions so far, such as sanctions on Pelosi and suspending dialogues on climate and counternarcotics, are “mostly symbolic political gestures,” he said.
国家安全委员会前亚洲问题专家伊万·卡纳帕西（Ivan Kanapathy）表示，在这一点上，北京似乎“不愿意对美国做任何实质性的事情”。他说，中国迄今为止的行动，例如对佩洛西的制裁以及暂停气候和禁毒对话，“主要是象征性的政治姿态”。

Danny Russel, who was assistant secretary of state for East Asia in the Obama administration, said the Chinese are being careful and "trying to use a scalpel for specific political effect in Taiwan.” Beijing will not, for instance, jeopardize the flow of semiconductors from Taiwan that are essential to the Chinese economy, Russel said.
奥巴马政府负责东亚事务的助理国务卿丹尼·拉塞尔（Danny Russel）表示，中国人正在谨慎行事，并“试图用手术刀在台湾产生特定的政治影响”。例如，北京不会危及对中国经济至关重要的台湾半导体的流通，Russel 说。

During Qin’s meeting at the White House, he spoke with Kurt Campbell, coordinator for Indo-Pacific affairs on the National Security Council, officials said. Campbell reiterated that nothing has changed about the United States’ one-China policy, which recognizes the administration in Beijing as the sole government of China.
官员们说，秦在白宫会晤期间，与国家安全委员会印太事务协调员库尔特·坎贝尔进行了交谈。坎贝尔重申，美国的一个中国政策没有任何改变，承认北京政府是中国的唯一政府。

He also highlighted to Qin a statement from the Group of Seven industrialized democracies stressing that China should not use Pelosi’s visit as a pretext for aggressive action, and cited a message from the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, or ASEAN, calling on all sides to de-escalate tensions and engage in dialogue.
他还向秦强调了七国集团的一份声明，强调中国不应以佩洛西的访问为借口采取侵略行动，并引用了东南亚国家联盟或东盟的信息，呼吁各方 - 升级紧张局势并进行对话。

Pelosi, for her part, remained defiant about the trip earlier this week that sparked Beijing’s strong anger. China “may try to keep Taiwan from visiting or participating in other places, but they will not isolate Taiwan,” she said in Tokyo, her final stop on an Asian tour.
就她而言，佩洛西对本周早些时候引发北京强烈愤怒的这次旅行保持挑衅。中国“可能会试图阻止台湾访问或参与其他地方，但他们不会孤立台湾，”她在东京说，这是她亚洲之行的最后一站。

She added that Beijing could not dictate who could visit the island. “They are not doing our traveling schedule. The Chinese government is not doing that,” she said. Pelosi is a longtime critic of Chinese leaders, who view her with particular hostility.
她补充说，北京不能规定谁可以访问该岛。 “他们没有给我们安排行程。中国政府没有这样做，”她说。佩洛西长期以来一直批评中国领导人，他们对她特别怀有敌意。

China’s missile launches, which came shortly after Pelosi departed the island, increased military tensions in the Taiwan Strait to the highest level in decades, raising fears of a dangerous miscalculation in one of the world’s most charged geopolitical flash points. They came at a time when U.S.-Chinese relations were already strained by disputes over trade, human rights and other issues, and Biden has made countering China’s influence a central pillar of his foreign policy.
在佩洛西离开该岛后不久，中国的导弹发射将台湾海峡的军事紧张局势升级到了几十年来的最高水平，引发了人们对世界上最激烈的地缘政治爆发点之一的危险误判的担忧。他们出现之际，美中关系已经因贸易、人权和其他问题的争端而紧张，而拜登已将对抗中国的影响力作为其外交政策的核心支柱。

Qin, the ambassador, charged in a column published in The Washington Post that Pelosi’s visit to Taiwan was a willfully provocative act. He noted that it included “full-protocol treatment” by authorities of Taiwan’s governing Democratic Progressive Party, “who make no secret of pursuing independence in their party platform.” He said Pelosi’s visit thus violated a long-standing U.S. commitment not to develop official relations with Taiwan.
秦大使在《华盛顿邮报》发表的一篇专栏文章中指责佩洛西访问台湾是蓄意挑衅行为。他指出，这包括台湾执政的民进党当局的“全面协议待遇”，“他们在党纲中毫不掩饰追求独立”。他说，佩洛西的访问因此违反了美国长期以来不与台湾发展官方关系的承诺。

The White House had sought to de-escalate tensions with China ahead of and during Pelosi’s visit, which the speaker undertook against the administration’s wishes. White House officials warned earlier this week that China was preparing for possible aggressive actions that could continue well beyond the speaker’s trip to Asia.
在佩洛西访问之前和期间，白宫曾试图缓和与中国的紧张关系，但这位议长违背了政府的意愿。白宫官员本周早些时候警告称，中国正在为可能的激进行动做准备，这些行动可能会在演讲者亚洲之行之后继续存在。

Virtually all the senior members of Biden’s national security team privately expressed deep reservations about the trip and its timing, a White House official said, speaking on the condition of anonymity to describe internal deliberations. Top administration officials outlined for Pelosi’s offices the likely consequences of her visit, officials said, and Gen. Mark A. Milley, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, personally briefed Pelosi.
一位不愿透露姓名的白宫官员说，几乎所有拜登国家安全团队的高级成员私下都对这次旅行及其时间安排深表保留。官员们说，高级政府官员向佩洛西的办公室概述了她访问的可能后果，参谋长联席会议主席马克·米利将军亲自向佩洛西做了简报。

But when it became clear that Pelosi — who is the country’s third highest-ranking official, behind Biden and Vice President Harris — was determined to make the trip, administration officials began publicly defending her right to do so, emphasizing that she is entirely independent of the White House, and warning China against overreacting.
但是，当佩洛西——他是该国第三高级别官员，仅次于拜登和副总统哈里斯——的决心变得明确时，政府官员开始公开捍卫她这样做的权利，并强调她完全独立于白宫，并警告中国不要反应过度。

They argued that nothing had changed in U.S.-China relations and stressed that many members of Congress have previously visited Taiwan, including then-House Speaker Newt Gingrich (R-Ga.) in 1997. However, the landscape has shifted significantly since then, as China is increasingly influential on the world stage and its rivalry with the United States has grown more pointed.
他们认为美中关系没有任何改变，并强调许多国会议员此前曾访问过台湾，包括 1997 年时任众议院议长纽特·金里奇 (R-Ga.)。然而，自那时以来，形势发生了重大变化，因为中国在世界舞台上的影响力越来越大，与美国的竞争也越来越尖锐。

The Chinese Communist Party claims Taiwan, a self-governing democracy that is home to more than 23 million people, as its territory, and Chinese leader Xi Jinping has pledged to “reunify” Taiwan with China, by force if necessary.
中国共产党声称拥有超过 2300 万人口的自治民主国家台湾为其领土，中国领导人希望已承诺在必要时以武力“统一”台湾。

Xi is facing additional pressure to show he is a strong leader, since he is expected to secure an unprecedented third term as leader at an upcoming congress of the Chinese Communist Party. Chinese leaders fear that visits by foreign dignitaries to Taiwan could give it added legitimacy as potentially independent country, and have been anxious that Pelosi’s visit does not set a precedent to be emulated by leaders from other countries.
希望面临着表明他是一位强有力的领导人的额外压力，因为预计他将在即将召开的中国共产党全国代表大会上获得前所未有的第三个领导人任期。中国领导人担心外国政要访问台湾可能会增加它作为潜在独立国家的合法性，并担心佩洛西的访问不会开创其他国家领导人效仿的先例。

The United States maintains a policy of “strategic ambiguity” when it comes to Taiwan, or being vague about whether the United States would come to Taiwan’s defense if attacked militarily by China.
美国在台湾问题上保持“战略模糊”的政策，或者对于如果受到中国的军事攻击，美国是否会出面保卫台湾含糊其辞。

At a news briefing Thursday, Kirby said the United States will conduct standard air and maritime transits through the Taiwan Strait over the next few weeks, and will take “further steps” to stand with its allies in the region including Japan, although he did not specify what they were. The aircraft carrier Ronald Reagan and its battle group will remain near Taiwan to monitor the situation.
在周四的新闻发布会上，柯比表示，美国将在未来几周内通过台湾海峡进行标准的空中和海上过境，并将采取“进一步措施”与包括日本在内的该地区盟友站在一起，尽管他没有指定它们是什么。航空母舰罗纳德里根及其战斗群将留在台湾附近监视局势。

Bonnie Glaser, director of the German Marshall Fund’s Asia program, said it’s critical that the two sides have private conversations to prevent the dispute from erupting further.
德国马歇尔基金亚洲项目主任邦妮·格拉泽表示，双方进行私下对话以防止争端进一步爆发至关重要。

“At this juncture, what is needed urgently is more candid, closed-door dialogue between the United States and China to understand each other’s intentions and manage risk,” Glaser said. “Beijing’s decision to suspend and halt numerous bilateral dialogue channels is extremely unhelpful.”
格拉泽说：“在这个时刻，迫切需要美中之间进行更加坦诚的闭门对话，以了解彼此的意图并管理风险。” “北京暂停和停止众多双边对话渠道的决定非常无益。”

She added, “At this moment, the United States is showing restraint. There is a lot of blame to go around for this crisis: the United States, Taiwan and China did not handle the Pelosi visit well.”
她补充说，“此时此刻，美国表现出克制。这场危机要归咎于很多：美国、台湾和中国没有很好地处理佩洛西的访问。”

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