[2022-09-22] 纽约时报 - 欧洲企业对华投资兴趣减弱
![]() BEIJING — European corporate investment in China, a key source of Western technology and capital since China began opening up its economy four decades ago, is falling steeply and now mostly limited to a handful of multinationals, three new reports show.
北京——三份最新报告显示，欧洲企业在中国的投资急剧下降，目前主要限于少数几家跨国公司。自40年前中国开放经济以来，对它来说，欧洲企业一直是西方技术和资本的主要来源。
The slackening in investment is the latest in a series of ominous signs for the Chinese economy. The real estate market is slumping, with prices declining in many Chinese cities as the volume of transactions plummets. Consumer spending is drying up because of stringent “Covid zero” policies that have led to lockdowns in many cities. And American investment in China is also faltering because of geopolitical tensions.
投资放缓是中国经济一系列不祥之兆中的最新一个。房地产市场正在下滑，随着交易量暴跌，中国许多城市的房价都在下跌。由于严格的清零政策，许多城市被封锁，消费者支出正在枯竭。美国在中国的投资也因为地缘政治紧张局势而一蹶不振。
China’s published statistics for foreign direct investment show that it is gradually rising overall. But the bulk of what China counts as foreign investment is money arriving from Hong Kong, which tends to be composed of mainland money that has been briefly routed through Hong Kong as a tax-minimization measure.
中国公布的外商直接投资统计数据显示，总体上它正在逐步上升。但在中国所称的外国投资中，大部分是来自香港的资金，这些资金往往由内地资金组成，为了避税短暂经由香港进入中国内地。
A new analysis by Rhodium, a New York research firm, shows that so-called greenfield investments from the European Union and Britain in new factories and other installations have plunged.
纽约研究公司荣鼎咨询的一项新分析显示，来自欧盟和英国在新工厂和其他设施上的所谓绿地投资大幅下降。
These investments fell to just under $2 billion in the first half of this year, compared with $4.8 billion in the first half of last year, according to Rhodium.
荣鼎咨询的数据显示，今年上半年，这些投资降至略低于20亿美元，而去年上半年为48亿美元。
A handful of German manufacturers, like Volkswagen, account for the bulk of the few European investments still being made in China. They raise money for these investments mostly by keeping in China the profits generated by their Chinese subsidiaries instead of sending money from their home country.
仍在中国进行为数不多的欧洲投资中，大众等少数德国制造商占了大部分。它们为这些投资筹集资金的方式主要是将中国子公司产生的利润留在中国，而不是从母国汇钱。
“A few big firms are propping up the numbers there,” said Noah Barkin, the managing editor of Rhodium’s China practice. “Many others are reassessing their presence” The European Chamber of Commerce in China said in another report, issued in Beijing on Wednesday morning, that European companies had been frustrated by the difficulty of getting executives and employees from abroad into China, which has tightly limited international travel to reduce the risk of coronavirus outbreaks.
“有几家大公司在那里支撑着这个数字，”荣鼎咨询中国业务执行主编诺亚·巴尔金说。中国欧盟商会周三上午在北京发布的另一份报告中表示，欧洲企业对于从海外派遣高管和员工到中国的困难感到沮丧，中国严格限制国际旅行，以降低武汉肺炎暴发的风险。
Before the pandemic, China allowed six million to seven million international arrivals per month. But in July, the latest month with data available, it was only 146,000 people — up from almost none at the same time last year but still a tiny fraction of the three million flying into Singapore this July.
疫情暴发前，中国每月允许600万至700万国际旅客入境。但在7月份，也就是有数据可查的最近一个月，只有14.6万人——比去年同期几乎为零的数字有所上升，但与今年7月飞往新加坡的300万人次相比，仍是很小的数字。
China’s economy grew just 0.4 percent from a year earlier in the second quarter, an anemic rate that has made the Chinese market less attractive for foreign investment.
二季度，中国经济同比增长仅为0.4%，这一疲弱的增长率降低了中国市场对外国投资的吸引力。
Joerg Wuttke, the chamber’s president, said that no new European company had entered the Chinese market since the start of the pandemic and that all but the largest European companies were losing interest.
中国欧盟商会主席伍德克(Joerg Wuttke)表示，自疫情开始以来，没有新的欧洲企业进入中国市场，除最大的欧洲企业外，大家都在失去兴趣。
“They don’t even want to consider China,” he said, adding that companies’ preferences are “clearly Southeast Asia, India and other parts of the world.”
他说，“他们甚至不想考虑中国。”他还说，企业的偏好“显然是东南亚、印度和世界其他地区”。
On Tuesday, the Swedish Chamber of Commerce in China released a survey of its members that also found many of them pessimistic about the investment climate in China. The Swedish group’s members were concerned about stringent pandemic controls, including quarantines often of 11 nights for people arriving from overseas as well as other limits on international travel.
周二，中国瑞典商会发布了一份对其成员的调查报告，同样发现许多成员对中国的投资环境感到悲观。这个瑞典组织的成员对严格的疫情控制感到担忧，包括对来自海外的人通常实行11个晚上的隔离，以及对国际旅行的其他限制。
China’s willingness to buy imports, from luxury products to factory gear, is also slowing, the chamber said. China has sought to build more self-reliance through programs like “Made in China 2025,” which give preference to domestic manufacturing over imports.
该商会表示，中国购买从奢侈品到工厂设备等进口产品的意愿也在放缓。中国一直试图通过“中国制造2025”等项目来增强自力更生能力，这些项目优先考虑国内制造而非进口。
Unlike the United States, Europe ran only small trade deficits with China before the pandemic. But China bought only $112 billion worth of European goods in the first half of this year, while exporting $302 billion. The widening imbalance has made European companies and countries more willing to raise concerns about Chinese policies.
与美国不同，欧洲在疫情前对中国只有少量贸易逆差。但今年上半年，中国只购买了价值1120亿美元的欧洲商品，而出口额为3020亿美元。不断扩大的失衡促使欧洲企业和国家对中国的政策提出担忧。
In its report, the European chamber recommended a series of policies to China’s government to revive foreign investment. These include making it easier for European airlines to fly to China and not fostering Chinese consumer boycotts of European goods over disputes like China’s human rights policies.
欧盟商会在报告中向中国政府提出了一系列建议，以重振外国投资。这些措施包括让欧洲航空公司更容易飞往中国，以及不要因为中国的人权政策等争议而助长中国消费者抵制欧洲商品。标红字体均为楼主更改，与原文作者无关。
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